See кал on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"*kalъ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kalъ"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "sla-pro:*kalъ",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Bulgarian\", \"term\" : \"кал\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"bg\" }\" data-lang=\"bg\" data-title=\"кал\">\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *kalъ.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kalъ.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kal",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "bg-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "кал",
"roman": "kal",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "калта́",
"links": [
[
"калта́",
"калта#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kaltá",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "кал",
"2": "f"
},
"expansion": "кал • (kal) f",
"name": "bg-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "кал<(f)/n:sg>"
},
"name": "bg-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Bulgarian entries referencing missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Bulgarian entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Bulgarian entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "12 27 14 29 2 0 14 2 0 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 26 13 28 3 0 13 3 0 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"mud, dirt"
],
"id": "en-кал-bg-noun-eDUZc7nb",
"links": [
[
"mud",
"mud"
],
[
"dirt",
"dirt"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kaɫ]"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q7918 (bul)-Kiril kovachev-кал.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3c/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB.wav/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3c/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB.wav/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɫ"
}
],
"word": "кал"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"*kalə",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Mordvinic/kalə"
],
[
"*kala",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Uralic/kala"
],
[
"kala",
"kala#Finnish"
],
[
"кӯлль",
"кӯлль#Kildin_Sami"
],
[
"кол",
"кол#Eastern_Mari"
],
[
"hal",
"hal#Hungarian"
],
[
"халя",
"халя#Tundra_Nenets"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "myv",
"2": "urj-mdv-pro",
"3": "*kalə"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mordvinic *kalə",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "myv",
"2": "urj-pro",
"3": "*kala",
"4": "",
"5": "fish"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *kala (“fish”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "kala"
},
"expansion": "Finnish kala",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sjd",
"2": "кӯлль"
},
"expansion": "Kildin Sami кӯлль (kūll’)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mhr",
"2": "кол"
},
"expansion": "Eastern Mari кол (kol)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "hal"
},
"expansion": "Hungarian hal",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "yrk-tun",
"2": "халя"
},
"expansion": "Tundra Nenets халя (xalya)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Mordvinic *kalə, from Proto-Uralic *kala (“fish”). Cognates include Finnish kala, Kildin Sami кӯлль (kūll’), Eastern Mari кол (kol), Hungarian hal, Tundra Nenets халя (xalya).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kal",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "myv",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "кал • (kal)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"кал"
]
}
],
"lang": "Erzya",
"lang_code": "myv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Erzya entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "12 27 14 29 2 0 14 2 0 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 26 13 28 3 0 13 3 0 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
15,
20
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
15,
20
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
13,
17
]
],
"english": "to eat fried fish",
"roman": "jarsams restaź kaldo",
"text": "ярсамс рестазь калдо",
"translation": "to eat fried fish",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
17,
20
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
20,
24
]
],
"english": "Or if he asks for a fish, will give him a snake?",
"ref": "1865, Ferdinand Johann Wiedemann, Das Evangelium des Matthäus ersamordwinisch, page 21:",
"text": "I ježeli väševeľ kal, maksovoľ tenze jozne?",
"translation": "Or if he asks for a fish, will give him a snake?",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"fish"
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"english": "roach",
"roman": "sëŕge",
"translation": "roach",
"word": "сэрьге"
}
],
"id": "en-кал-myv-noun-tHSpmicF",
"links": [
[
"fish",
"fish"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kal/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-al"
}
],
"word": "кал"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"*kalъ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kalъ"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*kalъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kalъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*kalъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kalъ",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kalъ.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kal",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "калови",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "калца",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "калиште",
"tags": [
"augmentative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "mk-decl-noun-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "кал",
"roman": "kal",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "калови",
"roman": "kalovi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "калот",
"roman": "kalot",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular",
"unspecified"
]
},
{
"form": "каловите",
"roman": "kalovite",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural",
"unspecified"
]
},
{
"form": "калов",
"roman": "kalov",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"proximal",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "каловиве",
"roman": "kalovive",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural",
"proximal"
]
},
{
"form": "калон",
"roman": "kalon",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"distal",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "каловине",
"roman": "kalovine",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"distal",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "калу",
"roman": "kalu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "калови",
"roman": "kalovi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"count-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кала",
"roman": "kala",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"count-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "mk-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "кал",
"roman": "kal",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "калта",
"roman": "kalta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular",
"unspecified"
]
},
{
"form": "калва",
"roman": "kalva",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"proximal",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кална",
"roman": "kalna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"distal",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кал",
"roman": "kal",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "калови",
"aug": "калиште",
"dim": "калца",
"g2": "f"
},
"expansion": "кал • (kal) m or f (plural калови, diminutive калца, augmentative калиште)",
"name": "mk-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "калов",
"pov": "1"
},
"name": "mk-decl-noun-m"
},
{
"args": {
"accel-gender": "m",
"col_pl": "",
"col_pl2": "",
"col_sg": "калје",
"col_sg2": "",
"count": "кала",
"def_dist_pl": "каловине",
"def_dist_sg": "калон",
"def_prox_pl": "каловиве",
"def_prox_sg": "калов",
"def_unsp_pl": "каловите",
"def_unsp_sg": "калот",
"ind_pl": "калови",
"ind_sg": "кал",
"n": "",
"voc_pl": "калови",
"voc_sg": "калу",
"voc_sg2": ""
},
"name": "mk-decl-noun-table"
},
{
"args": {
"3": "кал",
"n": "sg"
},
"name": "mk-decl-noun-f"
},
{
"args": {
"col_pl": "",
"col_pl2": "",
"col_sg": "каје",
"col_sg2": "",
"def_dist_pl": "каине",
"def_dist_sg": "кална",
"def_prox_pl": "каиве",
"def_prox_sg": "калва",
"def_unsp_pl": "каите",
"def_unsp_sg": "калта",
"ind_pl": "каи",
"ind_sg": "кал",
"n": "sg",
"voc_pl": "каи",
"voc_sg": "кал"
},
"name": "mk-decl-noun-table-single"
}
],
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Macedonian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Macedonian masculine nouns with plurals in -ови",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Macedonian singularia tantum",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "12 27 14 29 2 0 14 2 0 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 26 13 28 3 0 13 3 0 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "iskalosa",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "искалоса"
},
{
"roman": "kalište",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "калиште"
},
{
"roman": "kalliv",
"word": "каллив"
},
{
"roman": "kalca",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "калца"
}
],
"glosses": [
"mud"
],
"id": "en-кал-mk-noun-rwf~kat8",
"links": [
[
"mud",
"mud"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kaɫ]"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9296 (mkd)-Bjankuloski06-кал.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/47/LL-Q9296_%28mkd%29-Bjankuloski06-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB.wav/LL-Q9296_%28mkd%29-Bjankuloski06-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/47/LL-Q9296_%28mkd%29-Bjankuloski06-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB.wav/LL-Q9296_%28mkd%29-Bjankuloski06-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "кал"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"*kalə",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Mordvinic/kalə"
],
[
"*kala",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Uralic/kala"
],
[
"кал",
"кал#Erzya"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mdf",
"2": "urj-mdv-pro",
"3": "*kalə"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mordvinic *kalə",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mdf",
"2": "urj-pro",
"3": "*kala"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *kala",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "myv",
"2": "кал"
},
"expansion": "Erzya кал (kal)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Mordvinic *kalə, from Proto-Uralic *kala. Cognate with Erzya кал (kal).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kal",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "small",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "кал",
"roman": "kal",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "калхт",
"roman": "kalxt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "калонь",
"roman": "kaloń",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "калонди",
"roman": "kalondi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative"
]
},
{
"form": "калшка",
"roman": "kalška",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "калда",
"roman": "kalda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative"
]
},
{
"form": "калу",
"roman": "kalu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"lative"
]
},
{
"form": "калс",
"roman": "kals",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative"
]
},
{
"form": "калса",
"roman": "kalsa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive"
]
},
{
"form": "калста",
"roman": "kalsta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative"
]
},
{
"form": "калга",
"roman": "kalga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"prolative"
]
},
{
"form": "калонкса",
"roman": "kalonksa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "калкс",
"roman": "kalks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "калфтома",
"roman": "kalftoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "калсь",
"roman": "kalś",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "калне",
"roman": "kalne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "калть",
"roman": "kalť",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "калнень",
"roman": "kalneń",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "калти",
"roman": "kalti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "калненди",
"roman": "kalnendi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mdf",
"2": "noun",
"head": "кал"
},
"expansion": "кал • (kal)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "кал • (kal)",
"name": "mdf-noun"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"кал"
]
}
],
"lang": "Moksha",
"lang_code": "mdf",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Moksha entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "mdf",
"name": "Fish",
"orig": "mdf:Fish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "12 27 14 29 2 0 14 2 0 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 26 13 28 3 0 13 3 0 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "kaloń kundaj",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "калонь кундай"
},
{
"roman": "kaloń kundama",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "калонь кундама"
},
{
"roman": "kaloń salaj",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "калонь салай"
}
],
"glosses": [
"fish"
],
"id": "en-кал-mdf-noun-tHSpmicF",
"links": [
[
"fish",
"fish"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkal/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-al"
}
],
"word": "кал"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"калъ",
"калъ#Old_East_Slavic"
],
[
"*kalъ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kalъ"
]
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "orv",
"3": "калъ",
"4": "",
"5": "mud, muddy puddle, scum, sewage",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic калъ (kalŭ, “mud, muddy puddle, scum, sewage”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "orv",
"3": "калъ",
"gloss": "mud, muddy puddle, scum, sewage"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old East Slavic калъ (kalŭ, “mud, muddy puddle, scum, sewage”)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*kalъ",
"gloss": "mud, swamp"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kalъ (“mud, swamp”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old East Slavic калъ (kalŭ, “mud, muddy puddle, scum, sewage”), from Proto-Slavic *kalъ (“mud, swamp”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kal",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́ла",
"links": [
[
"ка́ла",
"кала"
]
],
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́лы",
"links": [
[
"ка́лы",
"калы"
]
],
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́лов",
"links": [
[
"ка́лов",
"калов"
]
],
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́ловый",
"links": [
[
"ка́ловый",
"каловый"
]
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"relational"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ru-noun-table",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hard-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "accent-a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́л",
"links": [
[
"ка́л",
"кал#Russian"
]
],
"roman": "kál",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́лы",
"links": [
[
"ка́лы",
"калы#Russian"
]
],
"roman": "kály",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́ла",
"links": [
[
"ка́ла",
"кала#Russian"
]
],
"roman": "kála",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́лов",
"links": [
[
"ка́лов",
"калов#Russian"
]
],
"roman": "kálov",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́лу",
"links": [
[
"ка́лу",
"калу#Russian"
]
],
"roman": "kálu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́лам",
"links": [
[
"ка́лам",
"калам#Russian"
]
],
"roman": "kálam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́л",
"links": [
[
"ка́л",
"кал#Russian"
]
],
"roman": "kál",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́лы",
"links": [
[
"ка́лы",
"калы#Russian"
]
],
"roman": "kály",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́лом",
"links": [
[
"ка́лом",
"калом#Russian"
]
],
"roman": "kálom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́лами",
"links": [
[
"ка́лами",
"калами#Russian"
]
],
"roman": "kálami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́ле",
"links": [
[
"ка́ле",
"кале#Russian"
]
],
"roman": "kále",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"prepositional",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́лах",
"links": [
[
"ка́лах",
"калах#Russian"
]
],
"roman": "kálax",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"prepositional"
]
},
{
"form": "калъ",
"roman": "kal",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adj": "ка́ловый"
},
"expansion": "кал • (kal) m inan (genitive ка́ла, nominative plural ка́лы, genitive plural ка́лов, relational adjective ка́ловый)",
"name": "ru-noun+"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "68 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with accent pattern a",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ru",
"name": "Feces",
"orig": "ru:Feces",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "73 27",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ru",
"name": "Units of measure",
"orig": "ru:Units of measure",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "kaloprijómnik",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "калоприёмник"
},
{
"roman": "ronjája kal",
"word": "роня́я кал"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
219,
222
]
],
"english": "Nikolai Gogol",
"ref": "1842, Николай Гоголь [Nikolai Gogol], chapter VIII, in Лакейская; English translation from (Please provide a date or year):",
"roman": "Pozvólʹte vam doložítʹ, Ánna Gavrílovna, što kučerá kučerám roznʹ. Onó, konéšno, tak kak kučerá, po obyknovéniju bólʹše svojemú, naxódjatsja neotlúčno pri lošadjáx, inogdá podčiščájut, s pozvolénija skazátʹ, kal[...]",
"text": "Позво́льте вам доложи́ть, А́нна Гаври́ловна, что кучера́ кучера́м рознь. Оно́, коне́чно, так как кучера́, по обыкнове́нию бо́льше своему́, нахо́дятся неотлу́чно при лошадя́х, иногда́ подчища́ют, с позволе́ния сказа́ть, кал[...]",
"translation": "Nikolai Gogol",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dung, excrement, feces, poo"
],
"id": "en-кал-ru-noun-cphxeXYZ",
"links": [
[
"dung",
"dung"
],
[
"excrement",
"excrement"
],
[
"feces",
"feces"
],
[
"poo",
"poo"
]
],
"related": [
{
"roman": "kalína",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кали́на"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "испражне́ния"
},
{
"word": "наво́з"
},
{
"word": "помёт"
},
{
"word": "стул"
},
{
"word": "экскреме́нты"
},
{
"word": "фека́лии"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kaɫ]"
}
],
"word": "кал"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"кало́рия",
"калория#Russian"
],
[
"calorie",
"calorie"
]
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "кало́рия",
"3": "",
"4": "calorie"
},
"expansion": "Abbreviation of кало́рия (kalórija, “calorie”)",
"name": "abbrev"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Abbreviation of кало́рия (kalórija, “calorie”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kal",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "f-in",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "кал • (kal) f inan (indeclinable)",
"name": "ru-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"cal, calorie"
],
"id": "en-кал-ru-noun-XBaoPpEm",
"links": [
[
"cal",
"cal"
],
[
"calorie",
"calorie"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"inanimate",
"indeclinable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kɐˈɫorʲɪjə]"
}
],
"word": "кал"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"*kalъ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kalъ"
],
[
"*keh₂los",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/keh₂los"
],
[
"cālīgō",
"caligo#Latin"
],
[
"काल",
"काल#Sanskrit"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*kalъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kalъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*kalъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kalъ",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*keh₂los",
"4": "",
"5": "dark"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *keh₂los (“dark”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cālīgō",
"3": "",
"4": "darkness, gloom"
},
"expansion": "Latin cālīgō (“darkness, gloom”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "काल",
"3": "",
"4": "black"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit काल (kāla, “black”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kalъ, from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂los (“dark”), whence also Latin cālīgō (“darkness, gloom”) and Sanskrit काल (kāla, “black”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ка̑л",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "kȃl",
"links": [
[
"kȃl",
"kal"
]
],
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "кал",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кали",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кала",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кала",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "калу",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "калима",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кал",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кале",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "калу",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "кали",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "калу",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "калима",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "калем",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "калима",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ка̑л",
"2": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "ка̑л m inan (Latin spelling kȃl)",
"name": "sh-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "sh",
"name": "Geology",
"orig": "sh:Geology",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "12 27 14 29 2 0 14 2 0 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 26 13 28 3 0 13 3 0 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"mud"
],
"id": "en-кал-sh-noun-rwf~kat8",
"links": [
[
"mud",
"mud"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "блато"
},
{
"word": "муљ"
},
{
"word": "каљуга"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kâːl/"
}
],
"word": "кал"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "kalýna",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кали́на"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "kalýty",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "кали́ти"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "kálovyj",
"word": "ка́ловий"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "kálʹnyj",
"word": "ка́льний"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"калъ",
"калъ#Old_East_Slavic"
],
[
"*kalъ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kalъ"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "orv",
"3": "калъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic калъ (kalŭ)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "orv",
"3": "калъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old East Slavic калъ (kalŭ)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*kalъ",
"4": "",
"5": "dirt"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kalъ (“dirt”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old East Slavic калъ (kalŭ), from Proto-Slavic *kalъ (“dirt”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kal",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́лу",
"links": [
[
"ка́лу",
"калу"
]
],
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "uk-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "accent-a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "кал",
"roman": "kal",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́лу",
"links": [
[
"ка́лу",
"калу#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "kálu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́лові",
"links": [
[
"ка́лові",
"калові#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "kálovi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́лу",
"links": [
[
"ка́лу",
"калу#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "kálu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кал",
"roman": "kal",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́лом",
"links": [
[
"ка́лом",
"калом#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "kálom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́лу",
"links": [
[
"ка́лу",
"калу#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "kálu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́лі",
"links": [
[
"ка́лі",
"калі#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "káli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́ле",
"links": [
[
"ка́ле",
"кале#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "kále",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "кал<sg>"
},
"expansion": "кал • (kal) m inan (genitive ка́лу, uncountable)",
"name": "uk-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "кал<sg>"
},
"name": "uk-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "68 5 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ukrainian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 24 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ukrainian nouns with accent pattern a",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "66 0 34",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "uk",
"name": "Feces",
"orig": "uk:Feces",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"excrement, feces, poo, dung"
],
"id": "en-кал-uk-noun--EYb0fjj",
"links": [
[
"excrement",
"excrement"
],
[
"feces",
"feces"
],
[
"poo",
"poo"
],
[
"dung",
"dung"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "35 24 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ukrainian nouns with accent pattern a",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"crap, junk, trash, shit"
],
"id": "en-кал-uk-noun-d6HA4b6H",
"links": [
[
"crap",
"crap"
],
[
"junk",
"junk"
],
[
"trash",
"trash"
],
[
"shit",
"shit"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively, vulgar) crap, junk, trash, shit"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"uncountable",
"vulgar"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "35 24 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ukrainian nouns with accent pattern a",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dirt, mud"
],
"id": "en-кал-uk-noun-1iQdpOW8",
"links": [
[
"dirt",
"dirt"
],
[
"mud",
"mud"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated or dialectal) dirt, mud"
],
"tags": [
"dated",
"dialectal",
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kaɫ]"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q8798 (ukr)-Tohaomg-кал.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/67/LL-Q8798_%28ukr%29-Tohaomg-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB.wav/LL-Q8798_%28ukr%29-Tohaomg-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB.wav.mp3",
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}
],
"word": "кал"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"uk:Feces"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*kalъ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kalъ"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "sla-pro:*kalъ",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Bulgarian\", \"term\" : \"кал\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"bg\" }\" data-lang=\"bg\" data-title=\"кал\">\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *kalъ.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kalъ.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kal",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "bg-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "кал",
"roman": "kal",
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"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "калта́",
"links": [
[
"калта́",
"калта#Bulgarian"
]
],
"roman": "kaltá",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "кал",
"2": "f"
},
"expansion": "кал • (kal) f",
"name": "bg-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "кал<(f)/n:sg>"
},
"name": "bg-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Bulgarian 1-syllable words",
"Bulgarian entries referencing missing etymons",
"Bulgarian entries with etymology texts",
"Bulgarian entries with etymon",
"Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header",
"Bulgarian feminine nouns",
"Bulgarian lemmas",
"Bulgarian nouns",
"Bulgarian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Bulgarian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Bulgarian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Rhymes:Bulgarian/aɫ",
"Rhymes:Bulgarian/aɫ/1 syllable"
],
"glosses": [
"mud, dirt"
],
"links": [
[
"mud",
"mud"
],
[
"dirt",
"dirt"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kaɫ]"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q7918 (bul)-Kiril kovachev-кал.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3c/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB.wav/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB.wav.mp3",
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},
{
"rhymes": "-aɫ"
}
],
"word": "кал"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"uk:Feces"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*kalə",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Mordvinic/kalə"
],
[
"*kala",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Uralic/kala"
],
[
"kala",
"kala#Finnish"
],
[
"кӯлль",
"кӯлль#Kildin_Sami"
],
[
"кол",
"кол#Eastern_Mari"
],
[
"hal",
"hal#Hungarian"
],
[
"халя",
"халя#Tundra_Nenets"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "myv",
"2": "urj-mdv-pro",
"3": "*kalə"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mordvinic *kalə",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "myv",
"2": "urj-pro",
"3": "*kala",
"4": "",
"5": "fish"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *kala (“fish”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "kala"
},
"expansion": "Finnish kala",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sjd",
"2": "кӯлль"
},
"expansion": "Kildin Sami кӯлль (kūll’)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mhr",
"2": "кол"
},
"expansion": "Eastern Mari кол (kol)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "hal"
},
"expansion": "Hungarian hal",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "yrk-tun",
"2": "халя"
},
"expansion": "Tundra Nenets халя (xalya)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Mordvinic *kalə, from Proto-Uralic *kala (“fish”). Cognates include Finnish kala, Kildin Sami кӯлль (kūll’), Eastern Mari кол (kol), Hungarian hal, Tundra Nenets халя (xalya).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kal",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "myv",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "кал • (kal)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"кал"
]
}
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"english": "roach",
"roman": "sëŕge",
"translation": "roach",
"word": "сэрьге"
}
],
"lang": "Erzya",
"lang_code": "myv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Erzya entries with incorrect language header",
"Erzya lemmas",
"Erzya nouns",
"Erzya terms derived from Proto-Mordvinic",
"Erzya terms derived from Proto-Uralic",
"Erzya terms inherited from Proto-Mordvinic",
"Erzya terms inherited from Proto-Uralic",
"Erzya terms with quotations",
"Erzya terms with usage examples",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Erzya/al",
"Rhymes:Erzya/al/1 syllable"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
15,
20
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
15,
20
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
13,
17
]
],
"english": "to eat fried fish",
"roman": "jarsams restaź kaldo",
"text": "ярсамс рестазь калдо",
"translation": "to eat fried fish",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
17,
20
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
20,
24
]
],
"english": "Or if he asks for a fish, will give him a snake?",
"ref": "1865, Ferdinand Johann Wiedemann, Das Evangelium des Matthäus ersamordwinisch, page 21:",
"text": "I ježeli väševeľ kal, maksovoľ tenze jozne?",
"translation": "Or if he asks for a fish, will give him a snake?",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"fish"
],
"links": [
[
"fish",
"fish"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kal/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-al"
}
],
"word": "кал"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"uk:Feces"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "iskalosa",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "искалоса"
},
{
"roman": "kalište",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "калиште"
},
{
"roman": "kalliv",
"word": "каллив"
},
{
"roman": "kalca",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "калца"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*kalъ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kalъ"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*kalъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kalъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*kalъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kalъ",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kalъ.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kal",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "калови",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "калца",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "калиште",
"tags": [
"augmentative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "mk-decl-noun-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "кал",
"roman": "kal",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "калови",
"roman": "kalovi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "калот",
"roman": "kalot",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular",
"unspecified"
]
},
{
"form": "каловите",
"roman": "kalovite",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural",
"unspecified"
]
},
{
"form": "калов",
"roman": "kalov",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"proximal",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "каловиве",
"roman": "kalovive",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural",
"proximal"
]
},
{
"form": "калон",
"roman": "kalon",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"distal",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "каловине",
"roman": "kalovine",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"distal",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "калу",
"roman": "kalu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "калови",
"roman": "kalovi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"count-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кала",
"roman": "kala",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"count-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "mk-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "кал",
"roman": "kal",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "калта",
"roman": "kalta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular",
"unspecified"
]
},
{
"form": "калва",
"roman": "kalva",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"proximal",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кална",
"roman": "kalna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"distal",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кал",
"roman": "kal",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "калови",
"aug": "калиште",
"dim": "калца",
"g2": "f"
},
"expansion": "кал • (kal) m or f (plural калови, diminutive калца, augmentative калиште)",
"name": "mk-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "калов",
"pov": "1"
},
"name": "mk-decl-noun-m"
},
{
"args": {
"accel-gender": "m",
"col_pl": "",
"col_pl2": "",
"col_sg": "калје",
"col_sg2": "",
"count": "кала",
"def_dist_pl": "каловине",
"def_dist_sg": "калон",
"def_prox_pl": "каловиве",
"def_prox_sg": "калов",
"def_unsp_pl": "каловите",
"def_unsp_sg": "калот",
"ind_pl": "калови",
"ind_sg": "кал",
"n": "",
"voc_pl": "калови",
"voc_sg": "калу",
"voc_sg2": ""
},
"name": "mk-decl-noun-table"
},
{
"args": {
"3": "кал",
"n": "sg"
},
"name": "mk-decl-noun-f"
},
{
"args": {
"col_pl": "",
"col_pl2": "",
"col_sg": "каје",
"col_sg2": "",
"def_dist_pl": "каине",
"def_dist_sg": "кална",
"def_prox_pl": "каиве",
"def_prox_sg": "калва",
"def_unsp_pl": "каите",
"def_unsp_sg": "калта",
"ind_pl": "каи",
"ind_sg": "кал",
"n": "sg",
"voc_pl": "каи",
"voc_sg": "кал"
},
"name": "mk-decl-noun-table-single"
}
],
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
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"Macedonian entries with incorrect language header",
"Macedonian feminine nouns",
"Macedonian lemmas",
"Macedonian masculine nouns",
"Macedonian masculine nouns with plurals in -ови",
"Macedonian nouns",
"Macedonian nouns with multiple genders",
"Macedonian oxytone terms",
"Macedonian singularia tantum",
"Macedonian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Macedonian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Macedonian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"mud"
],
"links": [
[
"mud",
"mud"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kaɫ]"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9296 (mkd)-Bjankuloski06-кал.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/47/LL-Q9296_%28mkd%29-Bjankuloski06-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB.wav/LL-Q9296_%28mkd%29-Bjankuloski06-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB.wav.mp3",
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}
],
"word": "кал"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Pages with entries",
"uk:Feces"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "kaloń kundaj",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "калонь кундай"
},
{
"roman": "kaloń kundama",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "калонь кундама"
},
{
"roman": "kaloń salaj",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "калонь салай"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*kalə",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Mordvinic/kalə"
],
[
"*kala",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Uralic/kala"
],
[
"кал",
"кал#Erzya"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mdf",
"2": "urj-mdv-pro",
"3": "*kalə"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mordvinic *kalə",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mdf",
"2": "urj-pro",
"3": "*kala"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *kala",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "myv",
"2": "кал"
},
"expansion": "Erzya кал (kal)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Mordvinic *kalə, from Proto-Uralic *kala. Cognate with Erzya кал (kal).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kal",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "small",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "кал",
"roman": "kal",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "калхт",
"roman": "kalxt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "калонь",
"roman": "kaloń",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "калонди",
"roman": "kalondi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative"
]
},
{
"form": "калшка",
"roman": "kalška",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "калда",
"roman": "kalda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative"
]
},
{
"form": "калу",
"roman": "kalu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"lative"
]
},
{
"form": "калс",
"roman": "kals",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative"
]
},
{
"form": "калса",
"roman": "kalsa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive"
]
},
{
"form": "калста",
"roman": "kalsta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative"
]
},
{
"form": "калга",
"roman": "kalga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"prolative"
]
},
{
"form": "калонкса",
"roman": "kalonksa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "калкс",
"roman": "kalks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "калфтома",
"roman": "kalftoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "калсь",
"roman": "kalś",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "калне",
"roman": "kalne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "калть",
"roman": "kalť",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "калнень",
"roman": "kalneń",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "калти",
"roman": "kalti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "калненди",
"roman": "kalnendi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mdf",
"2": "noun",
"head": "кал"
},
"expansion": "кал • (kal)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "кал • (kal)",
"name": "mdf-noun"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"кал"
]
}
],
"lang": "Moksha",
"lang_code": "mdf",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Moksha entries with incorrect language header",
"Moksha lemmas",
"Moksha nouns",
"Moksha terms derived from Proto-Mordvinic",
"Moksha terms derived from Proto-Uralic",
"Moksha terms inherited from Proto-Mordvinic",
"Moksha terms inherited from Proto-Uralic",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Moksha/al",
"Rhymes:Moksha/al/1 syllable",
"mdf:Fish"
],
"glosses": [
"fish"
],
"links": [
[
"fish",
"fish"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkal/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-al"
}
],
"word": "кал"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Russian 1-syllable words",
"Russian 4-syllable words",
"Russian abbreviations",
"Russian entries with incorrect language header",
"Russian feminine nouns",
"Russian hard-stem masculine-form accent-a nouns",
"Russian hard-stem masculine-form nouns",
"Russian inanimate nouns",
"Russian indeclinable nouns",
"Russian lemmas",
"Russian links with redundant alt parameters",
"Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
"Russian masculine nouns",
"Russian nouns",
"Russian nouns with accent pattern a",
"Russian terms derived from Old East Slavic",
"Russian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Russian terms inherited from Old East Slavic",
"Russian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Russian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"ru:Feces",
"ru:Units of measure",
"uk:Feces"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "kaloprijómnik",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "калоприёмник"
},
{
"roman": "ronjája kal",
"word": "роня́я кал"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"калъ",
"калъ#Old_East_Slavic"
],
[
"*kalъ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kalъ"
]
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "orv",
"3": "калъ",
"4": "",
"5": "mud, muddy puddle, scum, sewage",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic калъ (kalŭ, “mud, muddy puddle, scum, sewage”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "orv",
"3": "калъ",
"gloss": "mud, muddy puddle, scum, sewage"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old East Slavic калъ (kalŭ, “mud, muddy puddle, scum, sewage”)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*kalъ",
"gloss": "mud, swamp"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kalъ (“mud, swamp”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old East Slavic калъ (kalŭ, “mud, muddy puddle, scum, sewage”), from Proto-Slavic *kalъ (“mud, swamp”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kal",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́ла",
"links": [
[
"ка́ла",
"кала"
]
],
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́лы",
"links": [
[
"ка́лы",
"калы"
]
],
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́лов",
"links": [
[
"ка́лов",
"калов"
]
],
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́ловый",
"links": [
[
"ка́ловый",
"каловый"
]
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"relational"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ru-noun-table",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hard-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "accent-a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́л",
"links": [
[
"ка́л",
"кал#Russian"
]
],
"roman": "kál",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́лы",
"links": [
[
"ка́лы",
"калы#Russian"
]
],
"roman": "kály",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́ла",
"links": [
[
"ка́ла",
"кала#Russian"
]
],
"roman": "kála",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́лов",
"links": [
[
"ка́лов",
"калов#Russian"
]
],
"roman": "kálov",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́лу",
"links": [
[
"ка́лу",
"калу#Russian"
]
],
"roman": "kálu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́лам",
"links": [
[
"ка́лам",
"калам#Russian"
]
],
"roman": "kálam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́л",
"links": [
[
"ка́л",
"кал#Russian"
]
],
"roman": "kál",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́лы",
"links": [
[
"ка́лы",
"калы#Russian"
]
],
"roman": "kály",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́лом",
"links": [
[
"ка́лом",
"калом#Russian"
]
],
"roman": "kálom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́лами",
"links": [
[
"ка́лами",
"калами#Russian"
]
],
"roman": "kálami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́ле",
"links": [
[
"ка́ле",
"кале#Russian"
]
],
"roman": "kále",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"prepositional",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́лах",
"links": [
[
"ка́лах",
"калах#Russian"
]
],
"roman": "kálax",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"prepositional"
]
},
{
"form": "калъ",
"roman": "kal",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adj": "ка́ловый"
},
"expansion": "кал • (kal) m inan (genitive ка́ла, nominative plural ка́лы, genitive plural ка́лов, relational adjective ка́ловый)",
"name": "ru-noun+"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"roman": "kalína",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кали́на"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Requests for translations of Russian quotations",
"Russian terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
219,
222
]
],
"english": "Nikolai Gogol",
"ref": "1842, Николай Гоголь [Nikolai Gogol], chapter VIII, in Лакейская; English translation from (Please provide a date or year):",
"roman": "Pozvólʹte vam doložítʹ, Ánna Gavrílovna, što kučerá kučerám roznʹ. Onó, konéšno, tak kak kučerá, po obyknovéniju bólʹše svojemú, naxódjatsja neotlúčno pri lošadjáx, inogdá podčiščájut, s pozvolénija skazátʹ, kal[...]",
"text": "Позво́льте вам доложи́ть, А́нна Гаври́ловна, что кучера́ кучера́м рознь. Оно́, коне́чно, так как кучера́, по обыкнове́нию бо́льше своему́, нахо́дятся неотлу́чно при лошадя́х, иногда́ подчища́ют, с позволе́ния сказа́ть, кал[...]",
"translation": "Nikolai Gogol",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dung, excrement, feces, poo"
],
"links": [
[
"dung",
"dung"
],
[
"excrement",
"excrement"
],
[
"feces",
"feces"
],
[
"poo",
"poo"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "испражне́ния"
},
{
"word": "наво́з"
},
{
"word": "помёт"
},
{
"word": "стул"
},
{
"word": "экскреме́нты"
},
{
"word": "фека́лии"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kaɫ]"
}
],
"word": "кал"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Russian 4-syllable words",
"Russian abbreviations",
"Russian entries with incorrect language header",
"Russian feminine nouns",
"Russian inanimate nouns",
"Russian indeclinable nouns",
"Russian lemmas",
"Russian nouns",
"Russian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"ru:Feces",
"ru:Units of measure",
"uk:Feces"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"кало́рия",
"калория#Russian"
],
[
"calorie",
"calorie"
]
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "кало́рия",
"3": "",
"4": "calorie"
},
"expansion": "Abbreviation of кало́рия (kalórija, “calorie”)",
"name": "abbrev"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Abbreviation of кало́рия (kalórija, “calorie”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kal",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "f-in",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "кал • (kal) f inan (indeclinable)",
"name": "ru-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"cal, calorie"
],
"links": [
[
"cal",
"cal"
],
[
"calorie",
"calorie"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"inanimate",
"indeclinable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kɐˈɫorʲɪjə]"
}
],
"word": "кал"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"uk:Feces"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*kalъ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kalъ"
],
[
"*keh₂los",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/keh₂los"
],
[
"cālīgō",
"caligo#Latin"
],
[
"काल",
"काल#Sanskrit"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*kalъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kalъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*kalъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kalъ",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*keh₂los",
"4": "",
"5": "dark"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *keh₂los (“dark”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cālīgō",
"3": "",
"4": "darkness, gloom"
},
"expansion": "Latin cālīgō (“darkness, gloom”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "काल",
"3": "",
"4": "black"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit काल (kāla, “black”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kalъ, from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂los (“dark”), whence also Latin cālīgō (“darkness, gloom”) and Sanskrit काल (kāla, “black”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ка̑л",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "kȃl",
"links": [
[
"kȃl",
"kal"
]
],
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "кал",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кали",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кала",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кала",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "калу",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "калима",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кал",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кале",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "калу",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "кали",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "калу",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "калима",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "калем",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "калима",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ка̑л",
"2": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "ка̑л m inan (Latin spelling kȃl)",
"name": "sh-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header",
"Serbo-Croatian inanimate nouns",
"Serbo-Croatian lemmas",
"Serbo-Croatian masculine inanimate nouns",
"Serbo-Croatian masculine nouns",
"Serbo-Croatian nouns",
"Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"sh:Geology"
],
"glosses": [
"mud"
],
"links": [
[
"mud",
"mud"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "блато"
},
{
"word": "муљ"
},
{
"word": "каљуга"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kâːl/"
}
],
"word": "кал"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Ukrainian entries with incorrect language header",
"Ukrainian hard masculine-form accent-a nouns",
"Ukrainian hard masculine-form nouns",
"Ukrainian inanimate nouns",
"Ukrainian lemmas",
"Ukrainian masculine nouns",
"Ukrainian nouns",
"Ukrainian nouns with accent pattern a",
"Ukrainian terms derived from Old East Slavic",
"Ukrainian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Ukrainian terms inherited from Old East Slavic",
"Ukrainian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Ukrainian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Ukrainian uncountable nouns",
"uk:Feces"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "kalýna",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кали́на"
},
{
"roman": "kalýty",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "кали́ти"
},
{
"roman": "kálovyj",
"word": "ка́ловий"
},
{
"roman": "kálʹnyj",
"word": "ка́льний"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"калъ",
"калъ#Old_East_Slavic"
],
[
"*kalъ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kalъ"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "orv",
"3": "калъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic калъ (kalŭ)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "orv",
"3": "калъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old East Slavic калъ (kalŭ)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*kalъ",
"4": "",
"5": "dirt"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kalъ (“dirt”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old East Slavic калъ (kalŭ), from Proto-Slavic *kalъ (“dirt”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kal",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́лу",
"links": [
[
"ка́лу",
"калу"
]
],
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "uk-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "accent-a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "кал",
"roman": "kal",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́лу",
"links": [
[
"ка́лу",
"калу#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "kálu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́лові",
"links": [
[
"ка́лові",
"калові#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "kálovi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́лу",
"links": [
[
"ка́лу",
"калу#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "kálu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кал",
"roman": "kal",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́лом",
"links": [
[
"ка́лом",
"калом#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "kálom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́лу",
"links": [
[
"ка́лу",
"калу#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "kálu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́лі",
"links": [
[
"ка́лі",
"калі#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "káli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́ле",
"links": [
[
"ка́ле",
"кале#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "kále",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "кал<sg>"
},
"expansion": "кал • (kal) m inan (genitive ка́лу, uncountable)",
"name": "uk-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "кал<sg>"
},
"name": "uk-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"excrement, feces, poo, dung"
],
"links": [
[
"excrement",
"excrement"
],
[
"feces",
"feces"
],
[
"poo",
"poo"
],
[
"dung",
"dung"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Ukrainian vulgarities"
],
"glosses": [
"crap, junk, trash, shit"
],
"links": [
[
"crap",
"crap"
],
[
"junk",
"junk"
],
[
"trash",
"trash"
],
[
"shit",
"shit"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively, vulgar) crap, junk, trash, shit"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"uncountable",
"vulgar"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Ukrainian dated terms",
"Ukrainian dialectal terms"
],
"glosses": [
"dirt, mud"
],
"links": [
[
"dirt",
"dirt"
],
[
"mud",
"mud"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated or dialectal) dirt, mud"
],
"tags": [
"dated",
"dialectal",
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kaɫ]"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q8798 (ukr)-Tohaomg-кал.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/67/LL-Q8798_%28ukr%29-Tohaomg-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB.wav/LL-Q8798_%28ukr%29-Tohaomg-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/67/LL-Q8798_%28ukr%29-Tohaomg-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB.wav/LL-Q8798_%28ukr%29-Tohaomg-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "кал"
}
Download raw JSONL data for кал meaning in All languages combined (30.9kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <div> not properly closed",
"path": [
"кал"
],
"section": "Moksha",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "кал",
"trace": "started on line 132, detected on line 132"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </div>",
"path": [
"кал"
],
"section": "Moksha",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "кал",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.